Battery management systems (BMSs) play a critical and crucial role in ensuring the safety and the efficiency of the batteries. The increasing BMS complexity, the expanding interconnections between batteries and applications, and the introduction of cloud-based energy storage system structures have led to growing concerns about battery cybersecurity. For instance, the data exchange between the local and remote BMS parts can be exposed to cybersecurity attacks. Classic BMSs are not equipped with security mechanisms that are instead essential to protect their integrity and reliability and prevent serious consequences such as loss of data, equipment damage, and counterfeiting of battery components. This work highlights the importance of securing BMSs against cyber threats and discusses the current state of the art of cybersecurity in BMSs. The main outcome is the proposal of a novel and robust security approach to design a BMS able to prevent misuse and undesired manipulation of battery equipment and data. The proposed design approach can be used as enabling technology to support the application to the BMSs of the most diffused security mechanisms adopted by the state of the art as cybersecurity protections.
Keywords: Battery cybersecurity; battery authenticity; battery passport; electrical vehicle battery; battery counterfeiting protection; battery systems secure boot; secure battery management systems
